God’s Three Acts (Act 2)

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Act Two – Vishnu, the Preserver

There are three components to creation. Our universe is not permanent or stable. Thus, once it comes into being, it requires preservation. Hindu philosophy has ascribed the role of Preserver to Lord Vishnu. Although God cannot be seen or touched or even imagined, humankind has envisioned and described Him in many forms.

Lord Vishnu represents balance and harmony. Nine incarnations, known as avatars or descents, have emanated from Lord Vishnu and a final incarnation is expected to come.

To learn more, see On Hinduism by Irina Gajjar

God’s Three Acts

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Act One – Brahma, the Creator

While God is beyond human understanding or perception, Hindu scriptures have conceptualized the force that gave rise to our universe. When God sleeps the universe disappears and when He wakes, it appears.

Brahma is Act One of on the drama that creates the universe. Lord Brahma, the Creator, lights the spark of existence at His pleasure.

See On Hinduism by Irina Gajjar

The God of Hinduism

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From earliest times, Hindus have thought and written about one God called Brahman. Brahman is an all-encompassing truth who has no shape or form but as the essence of Divinity, He flows into many manifestations.

“As Creator of the world, God is called Brahma. As Preserver, God is called Vishnu. As Destroyer, He is named Shiva. These three aspects together form the Trinity, the totality of a single God. From the Trinity, originate God’s thousands and thousands of forms and names.”

from About Hinduism, by Irina Gajjar [to be published soon].

The Gita on Body and Mind

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According to traditional Hindu philosophy, the mind is part of the body.

Our bodies consist of ether, air, fire, water and earth which are the five subtle elements and of the mind. The mind in turn incorporates the five senses (touching, hearing, seeing, smelling and tasting). It also embraces understanding and emotions like wanting, hating, happiness, unhappiness and courage

Thus the body and mind are allocated to the material world as distinct from the world of spirit or soul or eternity.

See Irina Gajjar’s The Gita, A New Translation of Hindu Sacred Scripture, 13: 5, 6, The Body and The Spirit

The Laws of Manu

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The Laws of Manu or Manusmruti is a quaint work dating from the early Common Era. For better or for worse, its legendary author or compiler gives his views on norms and traditions then prevalent in India. He also prescribes presumably endorsed practices. Today’s Hindus take Manu’s laws with a grain of salt.

For example, the Manusmruti acknowledges eight kinds of marriages:

  • the father gives away his daughter to a learned man
  • the father gives away his daughter to a priest
  • the father gives his daughter away for a cow and a bull
  • the father gives his daughter away with a blessing
  • the bride and groom secretly elope
  • the groom pays the bride’s family and takes her away
  • the groom abducts the bride
  • the groom seduces the bride and then marries her

To understand the role of this and other ancient Hindu texts, see On Hinduism by Irina Gajjar.

The Gita on Knowledge

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Knowledge is a fundamental goal in Hinduism and Sanskrit has many words that distinguish different forms of knowing and wisdom.

Jnana is perhaps the highest knowledge. It embraces deep understanding and empathy and is a path to becoming one with Truth.

For example:

Knowledge is many good things.

It is being honest, kind, forgiving and pure

and it is also concentrating on God.

(Gita 13: 9, 10)

Imagine the beauty of incorporating the notion of kindness into knowledge and see The Gita, A New Translation of Hindu Sacred Scripture by Irina Gajjar.

Karma and Reincarnation

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Karma and Reincarnation are not really theories in Eastern religions. Rather they are premises that have evolved over time and continue evolving. These notions do not depend upon one another, but rather complement one another to provide answers to questions pertaining to the human condition. To understand this better, see Chapter Six of On Hinduism by Irina Gajjar.

Dharma

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Dharma may be described as a religious path. It encompasses the idea of a universal and a personal principle which is is a lodestar for Hindus, Zoroastrians, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs. According to Vedic scripture, dharma means truth:

 

Dharma is truth.
It is said that one who speaks truth speaks dharma
and one who speaks dharma speaks truth.

Bhridaranyaka Upanishad I.4.14

see On Hinduism, Chapter Eight, Darma

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Od, Qi and Prana

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Od is a word that a gentleman named Karl von Reichenbach (1788-1869] chose to represent a force that pervaded life. He tried to prove this force’s existence and manifestation through research which unfortunately fizzled. Thus, today od is defined as a hypothetical force or a force formerly believed to have existed.

However notwithstanding von Reichenbach’s inability to prove od, the word qi (pronounced chi) and translated into English as breath or air, hypothetical or not, is a fundamental principle in practices like Chinese medicine and martial art.

In Hinduism the word prana which translates as life breath or life force is an essential philosophical and spiritual notion. Breath control is viewed as a form of worship and meditation or contemplation in both Hinduism and Buddhism.

 

Peace and War

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As human beings, large numbers of us wish for global happiness and kindness. We believe in world peace though we have little notion about how this can be achieved. We have studied war and considered whether our biological natures are responsible for the repeated large and small scale conflicts in which we have engaged for ages.

While I know no more than most people, it seems to me that conflict just like cooperation is inherent in the cycle of existence. I cannot think of anything that exists without its opposite. Order degenerates into chaos. Creation entails destruction. Birth brings death. When we stop growing, we degenerate. We evolve and devolve. Utopia leads to dystopia. Conquest entails defeat.

But in between peace and war, there is preservation. Hindu philosophy sees three aspects of life power celebrated in the forms of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. These divine forces celebrate creation, preservation and destruction. Preservation is our window of opportunity to act benevolently in order to maintain stability and goodness. It is in acts of preservation that I think we are most likely to be helpful to our world and its people.